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There are 657 species
of plants on Haida Gwaii, almost 23% are
introduced.
This
does not include 361 moss and 160 liverwort species and many fungi and
lichens.
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Many
plants were introduced for and remain decorative in our gardens or
provide feed for livestock, but some are invading and overwhelming the
native species.
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Some
plants, like the yellowflag iris got themselves to Haida Gwaii. These
plants were first found on the beaches of Luxana Bay and Frederick
Island where they had floated from the south.
This
iris is big concern in the Cowichan River estuary where it flourishes
and excludes native species.
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Many of the introduced
plant species are restricted to roadsides or other disturbed areas but
some are very invasive or aggressive and can move into sensitive
ecosystems displacing native species.
Knotweed
is one such species and can displace native species that have
traditionally been used for Haida cultural purposes.
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Knotweed has a unique
method of spreading itself. It likes to grow on stream edges, where the
roots break off and float away to re-establish itself downstream.
This
may be a good for the plant but can add siltation to streams in
quantities that cause serious problems for spawning salmon (picture).
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Like the introduced
Sitka black-tailed deer many plants have become a part of the Island
lifestyle and management plans need to consider this social aspect. It
is another need to monitor the impacts and perhaps conduct some control
in order to maintain native ecosystems.
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